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High Carbon Steel Chemical Composition, Grade Chart, Tables and Documents

The carbon high steel typically contains from 0.6% to 1.0% carbon has earned a deserved reputation for its exceptional strength and durability. Another factor to consider in the chemical composition of the raw material is the existence of other elements like manganese, silicon, and phosphorus that affect the hardness, toughness-power, and the machinability of the raw material. Class charts classify high carbon to different category based on the carbon content and alloying elements. This helps in finding it's area of application. Tables and documents containing these grades offer the best information about tensile force, yield strength, stress and other mechanical characteristics, of great guidance for choosing material for engineering and production works. Understanding the chemical character and grade specifications of high carbon steel is undoubtedly essential for the unimpeded performance as well as durability of industrial and structural applications.

High Carbon Steel Chemical Composition Table

The most common types of high carbon steel are those with the carbon content ranging from about 0.6% to 1.0%. These steels are more resistant to wear and tear than low carbon steels. The very same principles that give high carbon steel it's chemical make up are also the ones that end up enhancing its properties. Usually most of organisms gain manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, to different extent, from their environment. Manganese facilitates to a significant extent the strength and hardness and at the same time silicon contributes to a resistance of steel of the corrosion. On the other hand, higher sulfur and phosphorus content that can deteriorate the ductility might be the consequence at high levels of these metals. These elements together with carbon are intricately combined to produce certain mechanical characteristics as for example hardness, strength and abrasion resistance.

High Carbon Steel Composition Table
Element Content Range (%) Property Effect
Carbon (C) 0.60% - 1.00% Strength/Hardness Increases hardness and strength
Manganese (Mn) 0.30% - 1.00% Hardenability Enhances hardenability, strength, and wear resistance
Silicon (Si) Up to 0.40% Strength/Toughness Improves strength and toughness
Phosphorus (P) Below 0.04% Strength/Toughness Increases strength but decreases toughness
Sulfur (S) Below 0.05% Machinability Improves machinability, but reduces ductility
Chromium (Cr) Up to 0.80% Corrosion Resistance Enhances corrosion resistance
Vanadium (V) Up to 0.30% Grain Refinement Refines grain structure, enhances strength
Nickel (Ni) Up to 0.50% Toughness Improves toughness and impact resistance
Molybdenum (Mo) Up to 0.30% Strength/Toughness Enhances hardenability, strength, and toughness
Copper (Cu) Up to 0.40% Corrosion Resistance Enhances corrosion resistance
Boron (B) Up to 0.003% Hardenability Improves hardenability
Aluminum (Al) Up to 0.05% Deoxidizer Removes oxygen during steelmaking
Titanium (Ti) Up to 0.03% Grain Refinement Refines grain structure, improves strength
Cobalt (Co) Up to 0.20% Wear Resistance Improves wear resistance

Comparison of properties and applications of different grades

Type AISI/ASTM name Carbon content (wt.%) Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Ductility (% elongation in 50 mm) Applications
Low 1010 0.10 325 180 28 Automobile panels, nails, wire
Low 1020 0.20 380 205 25 Pipes, structural steel, sheet steel
Low A36 0.29 400 220 23 Structural
Low A516 Grade 70 0.31 485 260 21 Low-temperature pressure vessels
Medium 1030 0.27 – 0.34 460 325 12 Machinery parts, gears, shifts, axles, bolts
Medium 1040 0.37 – 0.44 620 415 25 Crankshafts, couplings, cold headed parts.
High 1080 0.75 – 0.88 924 440 12 Music wire
High 1095 0.90 – 1.04 665 380 10 Springs, cutting tools

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