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Low Carbon Steel Chemical Composition, Grade Chart, Tables and Documents

Low carbon steel contains less than 0,3% carbon; therefore, it has a good plasticity, great malleability and expedited transformation as well. Its composition include iron and in addition to that it contains traces of elements such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and silicon. ASTM A36, SAE/AISI 1008, and ASTM A572 are the most widely recognized classes of steel. These grades can be found in different stress resistance, malleability, and weldability, which are suitable for varios industrial uses such as construction or auto manufacturing. Pad charts and tables have more in-depth details of mechanical properties like allowable strain or resistance to tensile strain, thereby engineers and manufacturing agents could select more suitable material. Besides, there are detailed standards such as ASTM and material datasheets which contain requirements and quality assurance methods, so low carbon steel production remains controlled and stable.

Low Carbon Steel Chemical Composition Table

Mild steel, more importantly known as low carbon steel, is an alloy of iron and carbon where the numbers of carbon atoms are between 0.05 and 0.25. While cobalt, nickel, copper, chromium, and iron make up the bulk, they rarely exceed 1% of the total number of other trace elements like manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon. What particular chemical make up varies depends on the kind of grade, as well as the way of manufacturing goods. Low-carbon steel is appreciated for the versatility, cost-effectiveness, and fast workability, the reason why it is basically employed in many different fields such as automotive manufacturing, construction, and machinery manufacturing.

Low Carbon Steel Composition Table
GRADE CARBON MAX MANGANESE PHOSPHORUS MAX SULFUR MAX SILICON
A36 UP TO 3/4” THICK 0.25% N/A 0.030% 0.030% 0.40% MAX
A36 >3/4 – 1 ½” THICK 0.25% 0.80-1.20% 0.030% 0.030% 0.40% MAX
A36 > 1 ½ - 2 ½” THICK 0.26% 0.80-1.20% 0.030% 0.030% 0.15-0.40%
A36 >2 ½ - 4” THICK 0.27% 0.85-1.20% 0.030% 0.030% 0.15-0.40%
A36 >4” THICK 0.29% 0.85-1.20% 0.030% 0.030% 0.15-0.40%
A572 GRADE 42 0.21% 1.35% 0.030% 0.030% 0.15-0.40%
A572 GRADE 50 0.23% 1.35% 0.030% 0.030% 0.15-0.40%
A830 GRADE 1020 0.18-0.23% 0.30-0.60% 0.030% 0.030% -

Comparison of properties and applications of different grades

Type AISI/ASTM name Carbon content (wt.%) Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Ductility (% elongation in 50 mm) Applications
Low 1010 0.10 325 180 28 Automobile panels, nails, wire
Low 1020 0.20 380 205 25 Pipes, structural steel, sheet steel
Low A36 0.29 400 220 23 Structural
Low A516 Grade 70 0.31 485 260 21 Low-temperature pressure vessels
Medium 1030 0.27 – 0.34 460 325 12 Machinery parts, gears, shifts, axles, bolts
Medium 1040 0.37 – 0.44 620 415 25 Crankshafts, couplings, cold headed parts.
High 1080 0.75 – 0.88 924 440 12 Music wire
High 1095 0.90 – 1.04 665 380 10 Springs, cutting tools

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