High Carbon Steel Chemical Composition, Grade Chart, Tables and Documents

The carbon high steel typically contains from 0.6% to 1.0% carbon has earned a deserved reputation for its exceptional strength and durability. Another factor to consider in the chemical composition of the raw material is the existence of other elements like manganese, silicon, and phosphorus that affect the hardness, toughness-power, and the machinability of the raw material. Class charts classify high carbon to different category based on the carbon content and alloying elements. This helps in finding it's area of application. Tables, chart and documents containing these grades offer the best information about tensile force, yield strength, stress and other mechanical characteristics, of great guidance for choosing material for engineering and production works. Understanding the chemical character and grade specifications of high carbon steel is undoubtedly essential for the unimpeded performance as well as durability of industrial and structural applications.

High Carbon Steel Chemical Composition Table

The most common types of high carbon steel are those with the carbon content ranging from about 0.6% to 1.0%. These steels are more resistant to wear and tear than low carbon steels. The very same principles that give high carbon steel it's chemical make up are also the ones that end up enhancing its properties. Usually most of organisms gain manganese, silicon, sulfur and phosphorus, to different extent, from their environment. Manganese facilitates to a significant extent the strength and hardness and at the same time silicon contributes to a resistance of steel of the corrosion. On the other hand, higher sulfur and phosphorus content that can deteriorate the ductility might be the consequence at high levels of these metals. These elements together with carbon are intricately combined to produce certain mechanical characteristics as for example hardness, strength and abrasion resistance.

High Carbon Steel Composition Table

Element	Content Range (%)	Property	Effect
Carbon (C)	0.60% - 1.00%	Strength/Hardness	Increases hardness and strength
Manganese (Mn)	0.30% - 1.00%	Hardenability	Enhances hardenability, strength, and wear resistance
Silicon (Si)	Up to 0.40%	Strength/Toughness	Improves strength and toughness
Phosphorus (P)	Below 0.04%	Strength/Toughness	Increases strength but decreases toughness
Sulfur (S)	Below 0.05%	Machinability	Improves machinability, but reduces ductility
Chromium (Cr)	Up to 0.80%	Corrosion Resistance	Enhances corrosion resistance
Vanadium (V)	Up to 0.30%	Grain Refinement	Refines grain structure, enhances strength
Nickel (Ni)	Up to 0.50%	Toughness	Improves toughness and impact resistance
Molybdenum (Mo)	Up to 0.30%	Strength/Toughness	Enhances hardenability, strength, and toughness
Copper (Cu)	Up to 0.40%	Corrosion Resistance	Enhances corrosion resistance
Boron (B)	Up to 0.003%	Hardenability	Improves hardenability
Aluminum (Al)	Up to 0.05%	Deoxidizer	Removes oxygen during steelmaking
Titanium (Ti)	Up to 0.03%	Grain Refinement	Refines grain structure, improves strength
Cobalt (Co)	Up to 0.20%	Wear Resistance	Improves wear resistance

Comparison of properties and applications of different grades

Type	AISI/ASTM name	Carbon content (wt.%)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Yield strength (MPa)	Ductility (% elongation in 50 mm)	Applications
Low	1010	0.10	325	180	28	Automobile panels, nails, wire
Low	1020	0.20	380	205	25	Pipes, structural steel, sheet steel
Low	A36	0.29	400	220	23	Structural
Low	A516 Grade 70	0.31	485	260	21	Low-temperature pressure vessels
Medium	1030	0.27 – 0.34	460	325	12	Machinery parts, gears, shifts, axles, bolts
Medium	1040	0.37 – 0.44	620	415	25	Crankshafts, couplings, cold headed parts.
High	1080	0.75 – 0.88	924	440	12	Music wire
High	1095	0.90 – 1.04	665	380	10	Springs, cutting tools

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