Carbon steel is an alloy that is mainly made of iron and carbon; small traces of manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon can be also added. The final outcome is its chemical composition which is the determinant of its grade and property, consequently it is used in numerous industries by virtue of its strength, durability, and affordable nature. Common grades are low carbon, mostly found in 1018 (or 1015), 1140, 1020, medium carbon that comprises 1035, 1045, and 1060, and they have the required properties for the application. Tables describing the real chemical constitute of various low- to medium-carbon steel grades should serve as indispensable reference materials for engineers, manufacturers and metallurgists. 5.0 / 5.0 This information gives us a chance to check out the elasticity of the material that is being used by looking at tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness levels which will help in the process of material selection and quality control. When you need more elaborate explanations, please consult the resources provided in tables, charts and PDF format or the reference books on metallurgy and materials science.
A composition of carbon steel table delineates the elemental make up of different carbon steel alloys, which is essential for the understanding of properties and performance of those alloys. Usually, the carbon steel contains a great deal of iron and carbon, in which others elements, for instance, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, as well as silicon only present in traces. The makeup of concrete depends on the grade and type of application it is being use for. High carbon steels contain more carbon compared to low carbon grades which can make it tougher and harder; its downside is it is less easily shaped (not very ductile). Steel with low carbons also have little carbon, afford greater ductility and weldability than other types of steel. Knowing of the chemical composition helps to choose a proper carbon steel grade for numerous industrial applications.
Types | Low Carbon Steel | Medium Carbon Steel | High Carbon Steel |
---|---|---|---|
Element | Content | Content | Content |
Carbon, C | 0.14 - 0.20 % | 0.420 - 0.50 % | 0.60 - 0.70 |
Iron, Fe | 98.81 - 99.26 % (as remainder) | 98.51 - 98.98 % | 98.31 - 98.8 |
Manganese, Mn | 0.60 - 0.90 % | 0.60 - 0.90 % | 0.60 - 0.90 |
Phosphorous, P | ≤ 0.040 % | ≤ 0.040 % | 0.04 |
Sulfur, S | ≤ 0.050 % | ≤ 0.050 % | 0.05 |
Type | AISI/ASTM name | Carbon content (wt.%) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Ductility (% elongation in 50 mm) | Applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | 1010 | 0.10 | 325 | 180 | 28 | Automobile panels, nails, wire |
Low | 1020 | 0.20 | 380 | 205 | 25 | Pipes, structural steel, sheet steel |
Low | A36 | 0.29 | 400 | 220 | 23 | Structural |
Low | A516 Grade 70 | 0.31 | 485 | 260 | 21 | Low-temperature pressure vessels |
Medium | 1030 | 0.27 – 0.34 | 460 | 325 | 12 | Machinery parts, gears, shifts, axles, bolts |
Medium | 1040 | 0.37 – 0.44 | 620 | 415 | 25 | Crankshafts, couplings, cold headed parts. |
High | 1080 | 0.75 – 0.88 | 924 | 440 | 12 | Music wire |
High | 1095 | 0.90 – 1.04 | 665 | 380 | 10 | Springs, cutting tool |
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